Design, synthesis, and biological investigation of quinoline/ciprofloxacin hybrids as antimicrobial and anti-proliferative agents

Abstract Ciprofloxacin-Piperazine C-7 linked quinoline derivatives 6a–c and 8a–c were synthesized investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-proliferative activities. Ciprofloxacin-quinoline-4-yl-1,3,4 oxadiazoles 6a 6b showed promising anticancer activity against SR- leukemia UO-31 renal cancer cell lines. The hybrids compound exhibited noticeable antifungal activities C. Albicans ; 8a experienced the most potent compared to Itraconazole with MICs of 21.88 µg/mL 11.22 µg/mL; respectively. Most displayed better antibacterial than parent ciprofloxacin all tested strains. Compound was highly resistant Gram-negative K. pneumoniae MIC 16.96 relative (MIC = 29.51 µg/mL). Docking studies hydrides in active site Topo IV enzyme ( 5EIX ) S. aureus gyrase 2XCT) indicate that they had stronger binding affinity both enzymes but have different interactions. hybrid could be considered a lead finding new dual antibacterial/anticancer agents. Moreover, discovering antibacterial/antifungal Graphical abstract